常言道(dao)，兵馬未動(dong)(dong)糧草先行。如(ru)今，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車市(shi)場如(ru)火如(ru)荼。無論是(shi)(shi)國際大廠(chang)商(shang)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)國內很多主流汽(qi)(qi)車廠(chang)商(shang)，都知(zhi)道(dao)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車將成為未來的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)趨(qu)勢。現在電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車面臨(lin)的(de)(de)*大問題不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)功(gong)能(neng)，不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)價(jia)格，而(er)是(shi)(shi)充電(dian)(dian)。如(ru)果(guo)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)處理(li)充電(dian)(dian)問題，消費者(zhe)購(gou)買電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)積極性就會下降，充電(dian)(dian)樁的(de)(de)數量和充電(dian)(dian)程(cheng)度決(jue)定了電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車能(neng)否長(chang)途跋(ba)涉。那(nei)我(wo)國電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車充電(dian)(dian)樁的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)現狀如(ru)何?還(huan)有(you)哪些問題需要處理(li)?誰是(shi)(shi)充電(dian)(dian)樁的(de)(de)主要設備?
在現有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池技術條件下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間往(wang)往(wang)需要(yao)幾個小時才(cai)能充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。因此，假設電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)規模較(jiao)大，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的數量會比現在的加油(you)站多。目(mu)前，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的主體主要(yao)包括國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)制造商(shang)、第(di)三方服務提供商(shang)和車(che)主個人(ren)。國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)是充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)標準(zhun)的制定者(zhe)，我國幾乎所(suo)有品牌的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)都是按照國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)標準(zhun)生產的。國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)是依托(tuo)高(gao)速公路布局和公共(gong)基礎充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)絡。
電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)企業和第三方(fang)服(fu)務提供商專注于(yu)景(jing)點、商店和寫字(zi)樓，并在(zai)這(zhe)些人(ren)口活動較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)建造充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)。有條件的(de)(de)(de)車(che)主也(ye)會在(zai)自己的(de)(de)(de)車(che)庫里設(she)備充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)。四者的(de)(de)(de)聯系就(jiu)像人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)骨骼、肌肉、血管，互不煩惱，互相依存。充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)由政府主導(dao)，沒(mei)有完全市場化。由于(yu)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)創造需要大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)資金投(tou)入，資本(ben)回(hui)收周期也(ye)很長。因此(ci)，充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)創造被視為賠本(ben)賺錢(qian)的(de)(de)(de)業務。
此外(wai)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)創建也(ye)面(mian)臨著(zhu)場所管理者不(bu)同意、基礎(chu)設(she)備不(bu)匹配、土地使用(yong)困(kun)難等問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。所以無論是電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)生產企業還是獨立充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)效應商，都(dou)想(xiang)依靠政府的(de)大樹(shu)。例(li)如，去年10月(yue)，上汽(qi)集(ji)團(tuan)與黃浦(pu)區(qu)(qu)政府舉(ju)行戰略合作，宣布成立上汽(qi)岳安充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)科技(ji)有(you)限公司，并獲(huo)得黃浦(pu)區(qu)(qu)政府轄區(qu)(qu)內公民(min)廣(guang)場、外(wai)灘、城隍廟(miao)、新天地、打浦(pu)橋(qiao)等中(zhong)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備建設(she)項目。這種政府牽(qian)頭、企業貢獻的(de)方法(fa)是創造充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)首要方法(fa)之(zhi)一。我(wo)國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)設(she)備的(de)建設(she)已經(jing)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)鋪(pu)(pu)開(kai)，很多(duo)地方都(dou)在建設(she)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)，但電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)存在四(si)大問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。以下就(jiu)是小編(bian)帶來(lai)的(de)關(guan)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)轎車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)存四(si)大創造問(wen)(wen)題(ti)的(de)內容，希望能讓我(wo)們(men)有(you)所收獲(huo)!國(guo)家(jia)動(dong)力局副(fu)巡視(shi)員(yuan)郭偉(wei)近日表(biao)示，雖然我(wo)國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)設(she)備建設(she)已經(jing)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)鋪(pu)(pu)開(kai)，但仍存在基礎(chu)不(bu)扎(zha)實、發展(zhan)潛力不(bu)足等四(si)個問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。
**，車(che)樁(zhuang)生產企業(ye)(ye)多，車(che)樁(zhuang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)接口(kou)，尤其是DC接口(kou)不(bu)兼(jian)容的情況依然存在(zai)(zai)，運營(ying)商渠(qu)道互聯水平相對較(jiao)低(di)，這方面的問題(ti)也恰到好處;二(er)是新動力(li)汽車(che)數量相對較(jiao)小，大(da)部(bu)分用(yong)戶都有自己的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)。公共充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)均勻(yun)利用(yong)率(lv)不(bu)到15%，工(gong)作(zuo)盈(ying)利能力(li)相對較(jiao)低(di)，商業(ye)(ye)模式需要(yao)進一步(bu)探索;電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)存在(zai)(zai)四個創(chuang)造問題(ti)。第三，由于(yu)布局不(bu)合(he)理(li)，維(wei)護不(bu)到位(wei)，部(bu)分地區出(chu)現了(le)很多問題(ti)和僵(jiang)尸樁(zhuang)。此(ci)外(wai)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)接口(kou)的安全標準有待提高，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)信息(xi)和支付也面臨(lin)網絡安全漏洞(dong)的一些風(feng)險;第四，由于(yu)小區紅線(xian)供電(dian)(dian)增容成本(ben)高，私人(ren)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)設備的系統機制仍然存在(zai)(zai)障礙，這也需要(yao)各方盡(jin)快推進處理(li)。
