電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)站充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)通常要完(wan)成兩個*基(ji)本的任(ren)務，首先(xian)是盡可能快地使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)恢復額定(ding)容量(liang)，另一是使用小電(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)站補充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)因自(zi)放電(dian)(dian)而損失(shi)的能量(liang)，以維(wei)持電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的額定(ding)容量(liang)。
小(xiao)區(qu)電動車(che)充電站不易(yi)損傷電瓶
電(dian)動車充電(dian)站在充電(dian)過程中，鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)池負(fu)極板(ban)上(shang)(shang)的(de)硫酸鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)逐漸析出鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，正極板(ban)上(shang)(shang)的(de)硫酸鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)逐漸生(sheng)(sheng)成二氧(yang)化鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。當正負(fu)極板(ban)上(shang)(shang)的(de)硫酸鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)完全生(sheng)(sheng)成鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)和二氧(yang)化鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)后，電(dian)池開始(shi)發生(sheng)(sheng)過充電(dian)反應，產生(sheng)(sheng)氫氣和氧(yang)氣(這就是電池析氣)。這樣，在(zai)非密封電(dian)(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)解液中(zhong)的水(shui)將逐漸減少。在(zai)密封鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)，采用(yong)中(zhong)等充電(dian)(dian)速率時(shi)，氫(qing)氣和氧氣能夠重新化(hua)合為(wei)水(shui)。過充電(dian)(dian)開始的時(shi)間(電池內部(bu)的安全電壓)與充電(dian)的速(su)率有關(guan)。當充電(dian)速(su)率大于C/5，電(dian)池容量恢復到(dao)額(e)定容量的80%以前，即開始發生過充(chong)電反應(ying)。只有充(chong)電速(su)率小于C/100，才能使(shi)電(dian)池在容量恢復到(dao)100%后，出現過(guo)充電反應(ying)。為了使電池容量恢復到(dao)100%，必須允(yun)許(xu)一定的過充電(dian)反(fan)應。
為方便物(wu)業(ye)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)理，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車主又得以(yi)方便及(ji)時(shi)(shi)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，投幣(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)被研發，并且(qie)迅速發展并崛(jue)起。有了(le)投幣(bi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，再也(ye)不(bu)用私(si)自牽拉電(dian)(dian)(dian)線，物(wu)業(ye)方的管(guan)理也(ye)方便輕(qing)松多了(le)。在給電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)只要插(cha)接上電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車自帶的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器就可實(shi)現充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，而(er)普通的220V電(dian)(dian)源給(gei)電(dian)(dian)動車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，這樣正常的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)不容易損傷(shang)電(dian)(dian)瓶，也解決了車(che)主(zhu)的憂(you)慮。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應發生后，單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)迅速上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)，達(da)到(dao)一定(ding)數值后，上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)速率減小(xiao)，然(ran)后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)開始緩慢下降。由(you)此可知，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，維持電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量的(de)(de)(de)*佳方法就是(shi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)兩端加入恒定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)入的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)應能補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)因自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)失去的(de)(de)(de)能量。浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)不能過(guo)(guo)高，以免(mian)因嚴重的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)縮短電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車智能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站采(cai)用(yong)適(shi)當的(de)(de)(de)浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，密封鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)壽命可達(da)10年以上。
實踐證明，實際的浮(fu)充電壓與規定的浮(fu)充電壓相差(cha)5%時，免維護蓄電池的壽命(ming)將縮短(duan)一(yi)半。鉛酸(suan)電池的電壓具有負(fu)溫度系(xi)數，其(qi)單(dan)格(ge)值為-4mV/℃。在環境溫度為(wei)25℃時工作很理想的普(pu)通(無溫度補償)充電(dian)器(qi)，當環境溫度降到0℃時(shi)，電池就不能充足電，當環境(jing)溫度上升到50℃時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)將因(yin)嚴重的過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)而(er)縮短壽命。因(yin)此，為了保證在很寬的溫度范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)，都能使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)剛好充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)，鄭(zheng)州電(dian)(dian)動車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)站充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的各種轉換電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)必(bi)須隨電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的溫度系數而(er)變。
