電(dian)動(dong)(dong)自行車(che)作為城市代步工具(ju)，因其(qi)輕便(bian)靈活，頗有(you)市場。但是，如(ru)果騎在路(lu)上(shang)的電(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)突然(ran)沒電(dian)了怎么(me)辦？一些(xie)商家從這里看到商機，推出了“一元充(chong)電(dian)10分鐘”移動(dong)(dong)快速充(chong)電(dian)站，頗受(shou)市民(min)歡迎。
然而，網友質疑，快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的方法電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)會傷害電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的后期蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足。
那么，“電動車(che)快速(su)充電傷電池”的說法是真(zhen)的嗎(ma)？
鋰電(dian)池的(de)充電(dian)分為三個階段，分別是恒流預充電(dian)、大電(dian)流恒流充電(dian)與恒壓充電(dian)。
首先說一下這個鋰電(dian)池充電(dian)過(guo)程~~~
由于(yu)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)特殊性，過壓(ya)(ya)或者(zhe)欠壓(ya)(ya)都會導致電(dian)池(chi)(chi)報廢，所以(yi)現在的(de)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充放電(dian)保護電(dian)路原理就是(shi)測量鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，再根據電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)判斷鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)是(shi)否(fou)處于(yu)正常狀態（非過壓(ya)(ya)、非欠壓(ya)(ya)）。
鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)分為三(san)個階段，分別是恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)預(yu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)、大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)與恒(heng)(heng)壓充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。
當電壓低于3.0V時，充(chong)(chong)電器會(hui)采用(yong)100mA電流對鋰電池進行預充(chong)(chong)電，目的(de)是慢慢恢復(fu)過放電的(de)鋰電池，是一種保(bao)護措施來的(de)。合格的(de)充(chong)(chong)電器都會(hui)有這個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電階段(duan)。
然后與問題有關的就來了。
當(dang)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓高于3.0V時，就(jiu)進入到第二階(jie)段，大電(dian)(dian)流恒流充電(dian)(dian)階(jie)段。充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流就(jiu)可(ke)以適當(dang)提高，根(gen)據不同的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)來說，這個電(dian)(dian)流的(de)大小可(ke)以從0.1C到幾(ji)C不等(deng)，其中C是指電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量，如2600mAh的(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，0.1C就(jiu)是指260mA大小的(de)電(dian)(dian)流。
在這(zhe)(zhe)一個(ge)(ge)充(chong)電(dian)階段中，國(guo)家建議的(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準充(chong)電(dian)是(shi)(shi)用0.1C電(dian)流進行充(chong)電(dian)的(de)，這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)就是(shi)(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準充(chong)電(dian)。不過標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準充(chong)電(dian)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準由于提(ti)出(chu)的(de)時(shi)間很早，十(shi)幾(ji)年(nian)前的(de)就提(ti)出(chu)來。那時(shi)候(hou)因為鋰電(dian)池技(ji)術(shu)遠遠不如(ru)現在穩定(ding)（不允許大電(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)），所以才(cai)會(hui)有這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)一個(ge)(ge)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準~~~采用標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準充(chong)電(dian)的(de)**好處就是(shi)(shi)充(chong)電(dian)過程穩定(ding)，發(fa)生爆炸之類的(de)幾(ji)率非(fei)常小；缺點(dian)就是(shi)(shi)費時(shi)間！！！
而快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，就是指在這個階段用大(da)于0.1C的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。如果鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量為(wei)2600mAh，那么標準(zhun)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為(wei)260mA，只(zhi)要(yao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da)于260mA，就可以(yi)定義為(wei)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了。不過就從目(mu)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池水(shui)平與充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理芯片的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平來說，用1C的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)都沒問題。所以(yi)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也沒有想(xiang)象(xiang)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)那么危險。一般(ban)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為(wei)0.2~0.8C，所以(yi)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)還是安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)。由于近幾年來的(de)(de)(de)(de)提升，現在的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)基本上都是快(kuai)充(chong)類(lei)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)。
而鋰電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)*后一個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)為恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)，這個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)就是檢測(ce)到(dao)鋰電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等于4.2V時(shi)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器則進入(ru)恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)模式，這個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)恒(heng)定為4.2V，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流則越來越小(xiao)（慢(man)慢(man)充(chong)滿了(le)，電(dian)(dian)流肯定變小(xiao)~）。當(dang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流小(xiao)于100mA時(shi)，就判斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)滿，切(qie)斷(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路。
電(dian)瓶(ping)車(che)的(de)電(dian)瓶(ping)一(yi)般(ban)有鉛酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)和鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)兩種。這些電(dian)瓶(ping)都(dou)是(shi)由若干的(de)電(dian)池(chi)成組而成的(de)（鉛酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)類(lei)型的(de)由6個或者8個串并聯(lian)組成；鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)類(lei)型的(de)則由若干個鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)串并聯(lian)組成）。
目前的(de)絕大多數電(dian)(dian)瓶車電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)都沒有(you)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)均衡(heng)管理，所以(yi)這個導致了電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)壽(shou)命遠遠不如單(dan)個電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)壽(shou)命，這也解釋了為什么電(dian)(dian)瓶車的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不耐用(yong)，一年(nian)左右就報廢了！
簡單(dan)來(lai)(lai)說結論就(jiu)是(shi)：快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電是(shi)指充(chong)(chong)(chong)電電流大于(yu)0.1C的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電方(fang)式，這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電方(fang)式對(dui)于(yu)單(dan)個鋰電池(chi)來(lai)(lai)說，對(dui)壽命(ming)與穩定性(xing)等的(de)(de)影響(xiang)非(fei)常小；但是(shi)如(ru)果(guo)對(dui)于(yu)電瓶車電池(chi)組來(lai)(lai)說的(de)(de)話，快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)就(jiu)是(shi)用時間換(huan)取電池(chi)壽命(ming)的(de)(de)一種行(xing)為(wei)。
*后要說的是(shi)：使(shi)用標配充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)對電(dian)瓶(ping)車充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)沒問題；但是(shi)對于那些打(da)著10分鐘充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)站來說，就要注意(yi)了，使(shi)用這些充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)站**大大影響電(dian)池壽命。
另外，對(dui)于電(dian)池組來說，電(dian)池均衡意義更(geng)重要。快充對(dui)電(dian)池組的壽命有影響正是因為電(dian)池組均衡問題沒有解決。
