目前我(wo)國(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)站市場是由具(ju)有(you)行業優(you)勢(shi)(shi)的幾家大(da)型(xing)企業首先涉入而發(fa)展起(qi)來的：擁(yong)有(you)電(dian)(dian)源和輸(shu)配電(dian)(dian)優(you)勢(shi)(shi)的電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業開(kai)(kai)始自(zi)建大(da)型(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)站；擁(yong)有(you)網(wang)絡優(you)勢(shi)(shi)的石油巨頭，利用(yong)現有(you)的加油、加氣站，改建成加油充(chong)電(dian)(dian)綜(zong)合服務站，并(bing)計劃將這(zhe)一(yi)種(zhong)綜(zong)合運營模式擴(kuo)展至全國(guo)各地區；掌握土地資源的大(da)型(xing)房地產(chan)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)商(shang)也利用(yong)占(zhan)地優(you)勢(shi)(shi)與電(dian)(dian)力(li)公(gong)司合作，開(kai)(kai)展充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁布(bu)局。
目前(qian)，上述(shu)主體已經(jing)成(cheng)為新能源(yuan)汽車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)投資大(da)軍(jun)，引導著(zhu)我國充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)行業(ye)的快(kuai)速發展。隨著(zhu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)市(shi)(shi)場政策(ce)放開(kai)，國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)網逐(zhu)漸開(kai)放充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁市(shi)(shi)場運營，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁市(shi)(shi)場將更加(jia)市(shi)(shi)場化，美(mei)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)巨頭特斯拉(la)的進入，也將激活國內充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)市(shi)(shi)場。
電網：探索中尋求定位
我(wo)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)公司擁有電(dian)(dian)(dian)源和輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)優(you)(you)勢，較早在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)市(shi)場(chang)上(shang)開始試點工作。國家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)和南方(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)作為(wei)兩(liang)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)集團(tuan)(tuan)，在(zai)國內具備了(le)建設充電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)先發優(you)(you)勢，在(zai)行業(ye)標準制(zhi)定上(shang)也(ye)存在(zai)一定的(de)(de)優(you)(you)勢。在(zai)新(xin)(xin)能源汽車亟需政策(ce)拉(la)動(dong)的(de)(de)背景下，政策(ce)支(zhi)持將(jiang)(jiang)是(shi)決定新(xin)(xin)能源汽車及其相關產業(ye)的(de)(de)重要(yao)推動(dong)力，擁有政策(ce)支(zhi)持優(you)(you)勢的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)集團(tuan)(tuan)將(jiang)(jiang)是(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)行業(ye)競(jing)爭的(de)(de)兩(liang)大(da)主體(ti)。然而經過幾年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)探(tan)索(suo)運營，2014年(nian)(nian)南方(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)投資計劃中(zhong)已不(bu)再包括(kuo)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車充電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)投資，這意味著南方(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)將(jiang)(jiang)退(tui)出充電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)競(jing)爭市(shi)場(chang)，僅作為(wei)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力提供(gong)商。國家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)則重新(xin)(xin)確立了(le)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)主的(de)(de)模式，從而實現了(le)糾(jiu)偏改(gai)向，也(ye)符(fu)合當前(qian)國際(ji)上(shang)的(de)(de)主要(yao)趨勢。
能源公司：打造供給基地
對于(yu)中石化等能(neng)源(yuan)企業，在(zai)快速直充(chong)(chong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力安全(quan)控制(zhi)方(fang)面有著先天性(xing)不足，必(bi)須(xu)要(yao)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力公司(si)合(he)作才能(neng)順利(li)完成充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的建設，其發(fa)展和(he)獲利(li)能(neng)力必(bi)然(ran)受制(zhi)于(yu)上游的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供(gong)應商。但借助其原有的加(jia)(jia)油站(zhan)網絡布(bu)局優(you)勢，在(zai)加(jia)(jia)油站(zhan)附近設置(zhi)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系統，進行“充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服(fu)務”的實證試驗，是未(wei)來(lai)實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)商業化的真正(zheng)探索者，采(cai)用共站(zhan)的方(fang)式，未(wei)來(lai)加(jia)(jia)油站(zhan)會轉換(huan)為綜(zong)合(he)能(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)給基地，能(neng)夠綜(zong)合(he)為傳統汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)、混合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)以及純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)提供(gong)動(dong)(dong)力，是未(wei)來(lai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)市場主要(yao)的運營商。
在(zai)運營(ying)模式上，能源企(qi)業將與(yu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司互相(xiang)合作(zuo)，能源企(qi)業*大(da)的(de)(de)優(you)勢是(shi)(shi)省去了(le)圈地布局的(de)(de)麻(ma)煩，而(er)且在(zai)下游(you)市(shi)場的(de)(de)相(xiang)關渠道、服務(wu)等方面更加成熟，而(er)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司*大(da)的(de)(de)優(you)勢是(shi)(shi)對電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)控制(zhi)權，這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)能源企(qi)業建設充電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)所不(bu)可缺少的(de)(de)。據(ju)統計，2011年，中(zhong)石(shi)(shi)化分別(bie)在(zai)北京、深圳建設2座充電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，在(zai)上海、安徽有(you)6座加油(you)(you)站(zhan)示范點，主要是(shi)(shi)加油(you)(you)站(zhan)與(yu)充電(dian)(dian)一體站(zhan)。截至2013年中(zhong)石(shi)(shi)化已在(zai)上海、武漢、河南(nan)等地展(zhan)開了(le)基于加油(you)(you)站(zhan)網(wang)絡充電(dian)(dian)樁約(yue)500個(ge)，對上述地區原有(you)加油(you)(you)站(zhan)網(wang)絡的(de)(de)覆蓋率(lv)亦超過(guo)了(le)3地加油(you)(you)站(zhan)總(zong)保有(you)量的(de)(de)3%。
商業地產：聯(lian)手車企
目前比亞迪已(yi)經取得萬科(ke)旗下所有物業支持安(an)裝個(ge)人充(chong)電(dian)樁的許可，并正在(zai)試圖與(yu)萬達、恒大這些大型商業地產合作(zuo)建充(chong)電(dian)樁。寶馬也(ye)與(yu)萬達、萬科(ke)達成合作(zuo)。
我(wo)國的(de)大型房(fang)地(di)(di)產(chan)和(he)商業地(di)(di)產(chan)企(qi)(qi)業，擁(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)占地(di)(di)優(you)勢，不管是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力公(gong)(gong)司(si)還是(shi)石化公(gong)(gong)司(si)，都需要與(yu)土(tu)地(di)(di)擁(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)者合作才能(neng)(neng)進行建(jian)設(she)(she)。開發商在(zai)(zai)其項目建(jian)設(she)(she)期(qi)進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)建(jian)設(she)(she)和(he)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁布局，其相(xiang)對成本較低，且能(neng)(neng)夠增加(jia)開發項目的(de)附加(jia)價值，為企(qi)(qi)業帶來后續(xu)持續(xu)盈利。因(yin)此，在(zai)(zai)小(xiao)區、商業區以及(ji)停車場(chang)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站和(he)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁市場(chang)建(jian)設(she)(she)上，大型房(fang)地(di)(di)產(chan)商將擁(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)一(yi)席之地(di)(di)。在(zai)(zai)小(xiao)區、商區及(ji)停車場(chang)建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站和(he)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁的(de)主體將是(shi)房(fang)地(di)(di)產(chan)公(gong)(gong)司(si)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)集團在(zai)(zai)建(jian)設(she)(she)中將作為合作者提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力資源。
民營資本將進入產(chan)業
2014年(nian)(nian)國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)布充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁建(jian)設(she)將引入民營(ying)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本，南方電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)計劃中(zhong)也將不再(zai)包含對電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)。民營(ying)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站行(xing)業(ye)，將很大程度(du)上緩解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)壓(ya)力，同(tong)時通過社會資(zi)(zi)(zi)本與(yu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源的(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)合加快充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發展。2014年(nian)(nian)，比亞迪聯(lian)手中(zhong)科招商共同(tong)設(she)立新能源電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)產(chan)業(ye)股權(quan)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)基金，基金核心投(tou)(tou)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)出租車(che)運營(ying)和(he)(he)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站及綜合服務體，該基金預計的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)空間約2000億(yi)元(yuan)。民營(ying)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本的(de)(de)(de)介入將加大電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站領域的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)力度(du)和(he)(he)產(chan)業(ye)競爭活(huo)力，對于電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司改革(ge)充(chong)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)和(he)(he)運用模式起到推動(dong)(dong)作用。
