電動自行車作為城市(shi)(shi)代步工具(ju)，因其輕(qing)便靈活(huo)，頗有市(shi)(shi)場。但是(shi)，如果騎在路上的電動車突然沒電了(le)怎么辦？一些商(shang)家從這(zhe)里看到商(shang)機，推出(chu)了(le)“一元充(chong)電10分鐘(zhong)”移動快速(su)充(chong)電站，頗受市(shi)(shi)民歡迎。
然而(er)，網友質疑，快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)方法電(dian)壓高、電(dian)流大會傷害電(dian)池(chi)，導致電(dian)池(chi)的(de)后(hou)期蓄電(dian)不足。
那么，“電(dian)動車快速充電(dian)傷(shang)電(dian)池(chi)”的說法是(shi)真的嗎？
鋰(li)電池的充(chong)電分為三(san)個階段，分別(bie)是恒流預充(chong)電、大電流恒流充(chong)電與恒壓充(chong)電。
首先說(shuo)一下這個鋰電池充電過(guo)程~~~
由(you)于鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的特殊(shu)性，過壓(ya)或者欠(qian)壓(ya)都會(hui)導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池報(bao)廢(fei)，所(suo)以現在的鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路原理就是(shi)測量(liang)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，再根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)判斷鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池是(shi)否處于正常狀態（非過壓(ya)、非欠(qian)壓(ya)）。
鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)分為(wei)三(san)個階段，分別是恒流預充電(dian)(dian)、大電(dian)(dian)流恒流充電(dian)(dian)與(yu)恒壓充電(dian)(dian)。
當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低(di)于3.0V時，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器會采用100mA電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流對鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行預充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，目的(de)是(shi)慢慢恢復過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，是(shi)一種保(bao)護(hu)措施來的(de)。合格的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器都會有這個(ge)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階段。
然后(hou)與問題有(you)關的就來了。
當鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高于3.0V時，就進入到(dao)第二階段，大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流恒(heng)流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)階段。充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流就可以(yi)適當提(ti)高，根據不同(tong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)來說(shuo)，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的大小可以(yi)從0.1C到(dao)幾(ji)C不等，其中C是指電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量，如(ru)2600mAh的鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，0.1C就是指260mA大小的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。
在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一個充電(dian)(dian)(dian)階段中，國家建議的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)用0.1C電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個就是(shi)標(biao)準(zhun)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。不過標(biao)準(zhun)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個標(biao)準(zhun)由(you)于(yu)提(ti)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間很早，十幾(ji)年前的(de)(de)(de)(de)就提(ti)出來。那時(shi)候(hou)因為鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池技術(shu)遠遠不如現在(zai)穩定(ding)（不允(yun)許(xu)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)），所以才(cai)會(hui)有這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣一個標(biao)準(zhun)~~~采(cai)用標(biao)準(zhun)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)**好處(chu)就是(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)穩定(ding)，發生爆炸之(zhi)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)率非常小；缺(que)點(dian)就是(shi)費時(shi)間！！！
而快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，就(jiu)是(shi)指在(zai)這個階段(duan)用大(da)于(yu)(yu)0.1C的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。如果鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量(liang)為(wei)2600mAh，那么標準充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)260mA，只要充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大(da)于(yu)(yu)260mA，就(jiu)可以定義為(wei)快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了。不過就(jiu)從目前的(de)(de)(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池水(shui)平與充(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理芯片的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平來說，用1C的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)都沒(mei)問題(ti)。所以快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也沒(mei)有(you)想象中的(de)(de)(de)那么危(wei)險(xian)。一般快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)0.2~0.8C，所以快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)還是(shi)安全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)。由于(yu)(yu)近幾年來的(de)(de)(de)提升，現(xian)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器基本(ben)上(shang)都是(shi)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)類型的(de)(de)(de)。
而鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的*后一個階段為恒壓(ya)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)階段，這(zhe)個階段就(jiu)是(shi)檢測到鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等于4.2V時，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器則進入恒壓(ya)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)模式(shi)，這(zhe)個階段充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)恒定(ding)為4.2V，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流則越來越小(xiao)（慢慢充滿了，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流肯定(ding)變小(xiao)~）。當充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流小(xiao)于100mA時，就(jiu)判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充滿，切斷充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。
電(dian)瓶車的電(dian)瓶一(yi)般有鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)和鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)兩種。這些電(dian)瓶都是由若干(gan)的電(dian)池(chi)(chi)成(cheng)組(zu)(zu)而成(cheng)的（鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)類(lei)型的由6個或者8個串并(bing)聯組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)；鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)類(lei)型的則由若干(gan)個鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)串并(bing)聯組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)）。
目前的(de)(de)絕大多數電(dian)瓶車(che)電(dian)池都沒有電(dian)池均衡管理，所以這個導致了電(dian)池組的(de)(de)壽(shou)命遠(yuan)(yuan)遠(yuan)(yuan)不如單(dan)個電(dian)池的(de)(de)壽(shou)命，這也解釋了為什么電(dian)瓶車(che)的(de)(de)電(dian)池不耐用，一年(nian)左右就報廢了！
簡單(dan)來說(shuo)結論就(jiu)是(shi)：快(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)是(shi)指充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流大于(yu)0.1C的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式，這種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式對于(yu)單(dan)個鋰電(dian)(dian)池來說(shuo)，對壽命與(yu)穩定性等的(de)影響(xiang)非(fei)常小(xiao)；但是(shi)如果對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)瓶車(che)電(dian)(dian)池組來說(shuo)的(de)話，快(kuai)充(chong)就(jiu)是(shi)用(yong)時(shi)間換取電(dian)(dian)池壽命的(de)一種行為。
*后要(yao)(yao)說的是(shi)：使用標配充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器對電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)沒(mei)問(wen)題；但是(shi)對于那些打著10分鐘充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站來(lai)說，就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)注意(yi)了，使用這些充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站**大大影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命。
另外(wai)，對(dui)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組來說，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)均(jun)(jun)衡意義更重要。快充(chong)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的壽命有(you)影(ying)響(xiang)正是因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組均(jun)(jun)衡問題沒有(you)解決。
