電動自行車作為城市(shi)代步工(gong)具，因其輕便靈活，頗(po)有(you)市(shi)場。但是，如(ru)果騎在(zai)路上的電動車突然沒電了怎(zen)么(me)辦(ban)？一些(xie)商(shang)家從這里看到商(shang)機，推出了“一元(yuan)充(chong)電10分鐘”移動快(kuai)速充(chong)電站(zhan)，頗(po)受市(shi)民歡迎。
然而，網友質疑，快速充電(dian)的方法電(dian)壓(ya)高、電(dian)流大會傷害電(dian)池(chi)，導致電(dian)池(chi)的后期蓄電(dian)不足。
那么，“電動車快速(su)充電傷電池”的說法是真的嗎？
鋰(li)電池的充電分(fen)為三個階段，分(fen)別是恒流預充電、大電流恒流充電與(yu)恒壓充電。
首先說一下這個鋰(li)電池充電過程~~~
由于鋰電池(chi)的特殊性，過壓(ya)(ya)或者欠壓(ya)(ya)都會導致電池(chi)報廢，所以(yi)現在的鋰電池(chi)充放(fang)電保護電路原理就是(shi)測(ce)量鋰電池(chi)電壓(ya)(ya)，再根(gen)據電壓(ya)(ya)判斷(duan)鋰電池(chi)是(shi)否處于正常狀態(tai)（非(fei)過壓(ya)(ya)、非(fei)欠壓(ya)(ya)）。
鋰(li)電(dian)池的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)分為三個階(jie)段，分別是恒(heng)流(liu)預充(chong)(chong)電(dian)、大電(dian)流(liu)恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)與恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。
當電(dian)壓(ya)低(di)于3.0V時，充電(dian)器(qi)會(hui)采用(yong)100mA電(dian)流對鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)進行預(yu)充電(dian)，目(mu)的(de)(de)是慢慢恢復過放電(dian)的(de)(de)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)，是一種保護措施來(lai)的(de)(de)。合格的(de)(de)充電(dian)器(qi)都會(hui)有這個充電(dian)階段。
然后與問題(ti)有關的就來了。
當鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓高于3.0V時，就進入到第二階段，大電(dian)(dian)流恒流充電(dian)(dian)階段。充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流就可(ke)(ke)以(yi)適當提高，根據不同的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)來說，這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)大小(xiao)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)從0.1C到幾(ji)C不等，其(qi)中(zhong)C是指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量，如2600mAh的(de)(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，0.1C就是指(zhi)260mA大小(xiao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流。
在這(zhe)一(yi)個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階段中(zhong)，國家建議的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)用0.1C電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)，這(zhe)個(ge)就是(shi)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。不過標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)這(zhe)個(ge)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)由于提(ti)出的(de)(de)時(shi)間很早，十幾年(nian)前的(de)(de)就提(ti)出來(lai)。那時(shi)候(hou)因為鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池技術遠遠不如現在穩定（不允許大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)），所(suo)以(yi)才會有這(zhe)樣一(yi)個(ge)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)~~~采用標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)**好處(chu)就是(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程穩定，發生(sheng)爆炸之類的(de)(de)幾率非常小(xiao)；缺點就是(shi)費時(shi)間！！！
而快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，就是(shi)指在這(zhe)個階(jie)段用(yong)大于0.1C的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。如果鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量為(wei)2600mAh，那(nei)么標準充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為(wei)260mA，只要充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大于260mA，就可以定義為(wei)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了。不過就從(cong)目前的(de)(de)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池水(shui)平與充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理芯片的(de)(de)水(shui)平來(lai)說，用(yong)1C的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)都沒問題。所(suo)以快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也沒有想象(xiang)中的(de)(de)那(nei)么危險。一般快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為(wei)0.2~0.8C，所(suo)以快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)還(huan)是(shi)安全(quan)的(de)(de)。由于近(jin)幾年來(lai)的(de)(de)提升，現在的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器基本上都是(shi)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)類型的(de)(de)。
而鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的*后一個階段為(wei)恒壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階段，這個階段就是檢測到鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等于4.2V時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器則進入恒壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模式，這個階段充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓恒定為(wei)4.2V，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流則越(yue)來越(yue)小(xiao)（慢慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿了，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流肯定變(bian)小(xiao)~）。當充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小(xiao)于100mA時，就判(pan)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿，切斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。
電瓶(ping)車的(de)(de)電瓶(ping)一般有鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電池和鋰電池兩(liang)種。這些電瓶(ping)都(dou)是由若干(gan)的(de)(de)電池成(cheng)組(zu)而成(cheng)的(de)(de)（鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電池類型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)由6個或者8個串(chuan)并聯組(zu)成(cheng)；鋰電池類型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)則由若干(gan)個鋰電池串(chuan)并聯組(zu)成(cheng)）。
目前的絕大多數電瓶車電池都沒有電池均衡(heng)管理，所以這個導致了(le)電池組的壽(shou)命遠遠不如(ru)單個電池的壽(shou)命，這也解(jie)釋了(le)為什么電瓶車的電池不耐用，一年左右就報廢了(le)！
簡單(dan)(dan)來說結論就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)：快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)是(shi)(shi)指充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流大于(yu)(yu)0.1C的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)，這種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)對于(yu)(yu)單(dan)(dan)個(ge)鋰(li)電(dian)池來說，對壽命與穩定性等(deng)的影響非常小；但是(shi)(shi)如果(guo)對于(yu)(yu)電(dian)瓶車電(dian)池組來說的話，快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)用時間換(huan)取電(dian)池壽命的一種行為。
*后要說的(de)是：使用標配充(chong)電器(qi)對電瓶車(che)充(chong)電沒問題；但(dan)是對于那(nei)些打著(zhu)10分鐘充(chong)滿電的(de)充(chong)電站(zhan)來(lai)說，就要注意了，使用這(zhe)些充(chong)電站(zhan)**大(da)大(da)影響電池壽命(ming)。
另外(wai)，對于電池組(zu)來說，電池均衡意(yi)義更(geng)重要。快充對電池組(zu)的壽命有(you)影(ying)響正是(shi)因為(wei)電池組(zu)均衡問題沒有(you)解(jie)決。
