電(dian)動自行(xing)車作為(wei)城市(shi)代步工具，因(yin)其輕(qing)便(bian)靈活，頗(po)(po)有市(shi)場(chang)。但(dan)是，如果騎在(zai)路上的電(dian)動車突然沒電(dian)了怎么辦？一些商家(jia)從這里看到商機，推出(chu)了“一元(yuan)充(chong)電(dian)10分鐘”移動快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)站，頗(po)(po)受市(shi)民歡(huan)迎。
然而，網(wang)友質(zhi)疑，快(kuai)速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的方法電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流大會傷害電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的后期(qi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不足。
那么，“電動車快速充電傷電池”的(de)說法是真的(de)嗎？
鋰電(dian)池的充(chong)電(dian)分(fen)為三個階段，分(fen)別是恒流(liu)預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)、大電(dian)流(liu)恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)與恒壓充(chong)電(dian)。
首先說(shuo)一下這個鋰電池(chi)充(chong)電過(guo)程~~~
由于鋰電(dian)池(chi)的(de)特殊性，過壓(ya)或(huo)者欠壓(ya)都會導(dao)致電(dian)池(chi)報廢，所以現在(zai)的(de)鋰電(dian)池(chi)充放電(dian)保護電(dian)路原理就是測量鋰電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)，再根(gen)據電(dian)壓(ya)判斷鋰電(dian)池(chi)是否處于正常狀(zhuang)態（非過壓(ya)、非欠壓(ya)）。
鋰電池(chi)的充電分(fen)為三個(ge)階段，分(fen)別(bie)是恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)預充電、大(da)電流(liu)(liu)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充電與恒(heng)壓充電。
當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于(yu)3.0V時，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器會采用(yong)100mA電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流對鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)預充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，目的(de)是(shi)慢(man)慢(man)恢復過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，是(shi)一(yi)種保護措施來的(de)。合格的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器都會有(you)這個(ge)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階段。
然后與問題有關的(de)就來了。
當鋰(li)電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)高于3.0V時，就(jiu)進(jin)入到第二階段，大(da)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充電(dian)階段。充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)就(jiu)可以(yi)適當提高，根據不同的(de)電(dian)池來說(shuo)，這(zhe)個電(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)大(da)小可以(yi)從0.1C到幾C不等，其中C是指電(dian)池容量，如2600mAh的(de)鋰(li)電(dian)池，0.1C就(jiu)是指260mA大(da)小的(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)。
在這(zhe)一個(ge)(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)階段(duan)中，國家建議的標(biao)準(zhun)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)0.1C電(dian)(dian)流進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的，這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)標(biao)準(zhun)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。不(bu)過標(biao)準(zhun)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)標(biao)準(zhun)由(you)于提出的時間(jian)(jian)很(hen)早，十幾年前的就(jiu)(jiu)提出來(lai)。那時候因為鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池技術(shu)遠遠不(bu)如現在穩定（不(bu)允(yun)許大電(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)），所以(yi)才(cai)會有(you)這(zhe)樣(yang)一個(ge)(ge)標(biao)準(zhun)~~~采用(yong)標(biao)準(zhun)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的**好處就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程穩定，發生爆炸之類的幾率(lv)非常小；缺點(dian)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)費時間(jian)(jian)！！！
而快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，就(jiu)是(shi)指在(zai)(zai)這個(ge)階段用大(da)于0.1C的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。如果鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量為2600mAh，那么(me)(me)標準充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為260mA，只要(yao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大(da)于260mA，就(jiu)可以定義為快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了。不(bu)過就(jiu)從目前的(de)(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池水(shui)平與充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理(li)芯片的(de)(de)水(shui)平來(lai)說，用1C的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)都(dou)沒問題。所以快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也(ye)沒有想象(xiang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)那么(me)(me)危險(xian)。一般快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為0.2~0.8C，所以快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)還是(shi)安全的(de)(de)。由(you)于近(jin)幾年(nian)來(lai)的(de)(de)提(ti)升，現在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器基本上都(dou)是(shi)快充(chong)類型的(de)(de)。
而鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的*后一個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)為恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)，這(zhe)個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)就(jiu)是檢測(ce)到鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等于4.2V時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器則進入恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)模式，這(zhe)個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)恒(heng)定(ding)為4.2V，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)則越來越小（慢(man)慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)了，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)肯定(ding)變小~）。當(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)小于100mA時，就(jiu)判(pan)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)，切(qie)斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路。
電(dian)瓶車的(de)(de)電(dian)瓶一般(ban)有鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)和鋰電(dian)池(chi)兩種。這些(xie)電(dian)瓶都是由(you)若干的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)成(cheng)組(zu)(zu)而(er)成(cheng)的(de)(de)（鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)類(lei)型的(de)(de)由(you)6個(ge)(ge)或(huo)者(zhe)8個(ge)(ge)串并聯(lian)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)；鋰電(dian)池(chi)類(lei)型的(de)(de)則由(you)若干個(ge)(ge)鋰電(dian)池(chi)串并聯(lian)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)）。
目前的絕(jue)大多數電瓶(ping)車電池(chi)都沒有電池(chi)均衡管理，所以這(zhe)個導(dao)致了(le)電池(chi)組的壽命遠遠不(bu)如單個電池(chi)的壽命，這(zhe)也解(jie)釋了(le)為什么電瓶(ping)車的電池(chi)不(bu)耐(nai)用，一年左右就報廢(fei)了(le)！
簡單來(lai)(lai)說結論就(jiu)是：快速充電(dian)是指充電(dian)電(dian)流大于(yu)(yu)0.1C的(de)充電(dian)方式，這種充電(dian)方式對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)單個鋰電(dian)池(chi)來(lai)(lai)說，對(dui)(dui)壽命與穩(wen)定(ding)性等的(de)影響非常小；但(dan)是如果對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)瓶車電(dian)池(chi)組來(lai)(lai)說的(de)話，快充就(jiu)是用時間(jian)換取電(dian)池(chi)壽命的(de)一種行(xing)為。
*后要說(shuo)的是：使(shi)用(yong)標配充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器對(dui)電(dian)瓶車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)沒問題；但是對(dui)于那些(xie)打著(zhu)10分鐘充(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)站來說(shuo)，就要注意了，使(shi)用(yong)這些(xie)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)站**大大影響電(dian)池(chi)壽命。
另外，對于(yu)電(dian)池組(zu)來說，電(dian)池均衡意義更重要(yao)。快充(chong)對電(dian)池組(zu)的壽命(ming)有影響正是因為電(dian)池組(zu)均衡問(wen)題(ti)沒有解決。
